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{{Short description|Portuguese poet and writer (1890–1916)}}
{{More citations needed|date=April 2009}}
{{Infobox writer 
| image = Mário de Sá-Carneiro 0.jpg
| name = Mário de Sá-Carneiro
| caption = Mário de Sá-Carneiro (1915)
| birth_date = {{birth date|1890|5|19|mf=y}}
| birth_place = [[Lisbon]], Portugal
| death_date = {{death date and age|1916|4|26|1890|5|16|mf=y}}
| death_place = [[Paris]], France
| occupation = Poet and writer
| language = [[Portuguese literature|Portuguese]]
| signature = AssinaturaMárioDeSáCarneiro.svg
}}

'''Mário de Sá-Carneiro''' ({{IPA|pt-PT|ˈmaɾju ðɨ ˈsa kɐɾˈnɐjɾu|pron}}; May 19, 1890 – April 26, 1916) was a [[portuguese people|Portuguese]] poet and writer. He is one of the best known authors of the [[Geração de Orpheu]], and is usually considered their greatest poet, after [[Fernando Pessoa]].

==Life==
Mário de Sá-Carneiro was born to a wealthy family with a strong [[military]] tradition. His mother died in 1892 when he was two years old, and he was subsequently raised by his grandparents. He lived on a farm near [[Lisbon]] where he would spend most of his life. Sá-Carneiro started writing poems at the age of 12. By the age of 15, he had already translated several works by [[Victor Hugo]]. By 16, he had translated some works of [[Johann Wolfgang von Goethe]] and [[Friedrich Schiller]]. He began to write fiction in high school, partly due to his work as an actor. In 1911, he left for [[Coimbra]], where he was admitted to [[law school]], although he never progressed beyond his first year. However, he met a man who would soon become his closest friend, [[Fernando Pessoa]], and who introduced him to the group of [[modernists]] of [[Lisbon]].

After leaving the ''city of students'', as [[Coimbra]] is known, Sá-Carneiro went to [[Paris]] to study at the [[University of Paris|Sorbonne]]. Although his father continued to pay for his studies, Sá-Carneiro stopped attending classes very soon after arriving in Paris. He lived a [[Bohemianism|bohemian]] lifestyle, roaming round the [[theatres]] and [[Bar (establishment)|bars]].

It was in [[Paris]] that he met [[Guilherme de Santa-Rita]] (Santa-Rita Pintor), the legendary Portuguese painter.

===''Orpheu''===
Together with [[Fernando Pessoa]] and [[Almada Negreiros]], he wrote for [[Geração de Orpheu|''Orpheu'']], a [[literary journal]] of [[poetry]] and artistic [[prose]] influenced by [[cosmopolitanism]] and the European ''[[Avant-Garde]]''. The magazine caused a scandal in Portuguese society because of its futuristic idealism. Only two issues of the magazine were published. A third one was prepared but never published, owing to the controversy surrounding the magazine and a lack of money. Today, ''Orpheu'' is known for being one of the finest and most important examples of Portuguese [[literature]], and for introducing [[modernist literature|modernism]] in [[Portugal]].

===Depression===
[[image:Plaque Mário de Sá-Carneiro, 29 rue Victor-Massé, Paris 9.jpg|thumb|right|Sá-Carneiro memorial slab on the building where he committed suicide on April 26, 1916 (Rue Victor-Massé 29, Paris).]]

In July 1915, Sá-Carneiro returned to Paris by train. He planned, with [[Fernando Pessoa]], to publish issue no. 3 of ''[[Orpheu]]'', but his father and sponsor of the magazine, living in Mozambique at the time, refused to disburse more money. While World War I was in progress in the north of [[France]], he left the university and started a relationship with a prostitute. A few months later, with growing financial problems and depression, Sá-Carneiro wrote a dramatic letter to [[Fernando Pessoa]] on March 31, 1916:

:"Unless there occurs a miracle, next Monday, March (or even the day before), your friend Mário de Sá-Carneiro will take a strong dose of strychnine and disappear from this world."

Extremely unhappy with his life, he still delayed the suicide by almost one month. But, as he had proclaimed, at the age of 25 he killed himself.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/514777/Mario-de-Sa-Carneiro|title=Mário de Sá-Carneiro|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica|accessdate=30 April 2009}}</ref> ''[[Orpheu]]'' no. 3 was never published.

==Work==
[[image: O chapéu de Mário de Sá-Carneiro.jpg|thumb|Mário de Sá-Carneiro]]

In 1910, he wrote his first play, ''Amizade'' (the title means friendship), in partnership with Tomás Cabreira Júnior.

On the 9th of January 1911, Tomás Cabreira Júnior fatally shot himself with a shotgun in the middle of the school's playground, causing Sá-Carneiro to write the poem "A um suicida" (To a suicidal).

In 1912, he published ''Príncipio'', a collection of [[novella]]s dedicated to his father.

In 1913, he published ''[[A Confissão de Lúcio]]'', one of his most famous works. This novella has a story where the fantastic reigns and it's a mirror to this age of ''Avant-garde''.

In 1915, the work ''[[Céu em Fogo]]'', that gathered twelve novellas, was published. This book reveals the obsessions and disturbances that Sá-Carneiro was living with at the time.

Sá-Carneiro's first publication of [[poetry]] was ''[[Dispersão]]'', published in 1913, which included twelve poems. He wrote another book, ''[[Indícios de Oiro]]'', but it was not published until over twenty years after his death, in the magazine ''[[Presença]]''. In 1946 these two books were published along with some of Sá-Carneiro's poems in the ''Orpheu'' magazine as a unique book.

His literary influences include [[Edgar Allan Poe]], [[Oscar Wilde]], [[Charles Baudelaire]], [[Stéphane Mallarmé]], [[Fyodor Dostoevsky]], [[Cesário Verde]] and [[António Nobre]].

English poet [[Ted Hughes]] translated three of his poems into English.<ref>[https://userweb.ucs.louisiana.edu/~kxd3187/Page5.html Ted Hughes' Theory and Practice of Translation]</ref> American poet [[Sylvia Plath]] also admired his work, in particular his novel ''A Confissão de Lúcio'' (''Lúcio's Confession'').<ref>[https://observador.pt/especiais/ha-100-anos-mario-emborcava-estricnina-tornava-um-poeta-imortal/ Do Orfeu a Sylvia Plath: Sá-Carneiro imortal, Observador, 1 May 2016 (Portuguese)]</ref>

==Centennial Anniversary of Mário de Sá-Carneiro's death==
The 100th anniversary of Mário de Sá-Carneiro's death, on April 26, 2016, was highlighted in Portugal and abroad with a number of publications and events, such as the colloquium "Sá-Carneiro et les autres" (Paris), the exhibit "Mil Anos Me Separam de Amanhã" (Paredes de Coura), integrated in the festival Realizar-Poesia, an exhibit at the Biblioteca Nacional de Portugal, titled "Mário de Sá-Carneiro, 'O Homem São Louco'",<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bnportugal.pt/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1157%3Aexposicao-mario-de-sa-carneiro-lo-homem-sao-loucor-26-abr-13h00&catid=166%3A2016&Itemid=1179&lang=pt |title=Mário de Sá-Carneiro, 'o homem são louco' |website=Biblioteca Nacional de Portugal |language=pt |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160427103203/http://www.bnportugal.pt/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1157%3Aexposicao-mario-de-sa-carneiro-lo-homem-sao-loucor-26-abr-13h00&catid=166%3A2016&Itemid=1179&lang=pt |archive-date=April 27, 2016 }}</ref> and a conference and audio-theatre at the Casa Fernando Pessoa.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Further reading==
* [https://www.brown.edu/Departments/Portuguese_Brazilian_Studies/ejph/pessoaplural/Issue4/PDF/I4A06.pdf Vasconcelos, Ricardo, "Dissemination and Central Redemption in the Poetry of Mário de Sá-Carneiro", ''Pessoa Plural'' nr.4, Fall 2013.]
* [https://www.brown.edu/Departments/Portuguese_Brazilian_Studies/ejph/pessoaplural/Issue6/PDF/I6A06.pdf Vasconcelos, Ricardo, "The Cubist Experimentation of Mário de Sá-Carneiro", ''Pessoa Plural'' nr.6, Fall 2014.]

==External links==
{{Sister project links|author=yes|b=no|d=y|n=no|s=Mário de Sá-Carneiro|v=no|wikt=no}}

* [http://sacarneiro.sdsu.edu Mário de Sá-Carneiro Online]
* [https://www.britannica.com/biography/Mario-de-Sa-Carneiro Mário de Sá-Carneiro], [[Encyclopædia Britannica]]
* {{Gutenberg author | id=24897 | name=Mário de Sá-Carneiro}}
* {{Internet Archive author |sname=Mário de Sá-Carneiro}}
* {{Librivox author |id=8577}}
* [http://purl.pt/246 ''Mário de Sá Carneiro (1890-1916)'', Lisboa, Biblioteca Nacional, 1990]
* [http://purl.pt/index/geral/aut/PT/10405_P1.html Obras de Mário de Sá-Carneiro digitalizadas, Biblioteca Nacional Digital]
* [http://cvc.instituto-camoes.pt/pessoas/mario-de-sa-carneiro-53829.html#.XMj99SbsZkR Biografia, Instituto Camões]
* [https://www.escritas.org/pt/mario-de-sa-carneiro Mário de Sá-Carneiro, escritas.org]

{{Futurism}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Sa-Carneiro, Mario de}}
[[Category:1890 births]]
[[Category:1916 suicides]]
[[Category:20th-century Portuguese writers]]
[[Category:University of Coimbra alumni]]
[[Category:University of Paris alumni]]
[[Category:20th-century Portuguese male writers]]
[[Category:20th-century Portuguese poets]]
[[Category:Modernist poets]]
[[Category:Writers from Lisbon]]
[[Category:Portuguese male poets]]
[[Category:Suicides in Paris]]
[[Category:20th-century male poets]]

Mário de Sá-Carneiro - Revision history

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