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{{Short description|Poet living a life outside or against society}}
{{italic title}}
[[File:Henri Fantin-Latour - By the Table - Google Art Project.jpg|367px|thumb|Poètes maudits [[Paul Verlaine]] (far left) and [[Arthur Rimbaud]] (second to left) depicted in ''[[The Corner of the Table]]'' by [[Henri Fantin-Latour]], 1872]]

A '''''poète maudit''''' ({{ipa|fr|pɔɛt modi}}, literally ''"cursed poet"'') is a [[poet]] living a life outside or against society. Insanity, crime, violence, abuse of alcohol or other drugs, and in general any societal sin, often resulting in an early death, are typical elements of the biography of a ''poète maudit''.

==History of the term==
The phrase ''poète maudit'' (literally, "accursed poet") was coined in the beginning of the 19th century by [[Alfred de Vigny]] in his 1832 novel ''Stello'', in which he calls the poet "{{lang|fr|la race toujours maudite par les puissants de la terre}}" (the race that will always be cursed by the powerful ones of the earth).<ref>{{Cite book|title = Stello, ou Les Diables Bleus|last = Vigny|first = Alfred de|publisher = J. P. Meline|year = 1832|location = Bruxelles|page = 57}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|title = A Poet's Glossary|last = Hirsch|first = Edward|publisher = Houghton Mifflin Harcourt|year = 2014|isbn = 9780151011957|location = Boston|page = 465}}</ref> [[Charles Baudelaire]], [[Paul Verlaine]] and [[Arthur Rimbaud]] are considered typical examples. [[Comte de Lautréamont|Lautréamont]] or [[Alice de Chambrier]] are also considered as ''poètes maudits'', as is the American 20th-century poet [[Hart Crane]].

The term came into wider usage since Verlaine's eponymous anthology. Originally it was used just for the writers in his book (see below), but then it became a name for writers (or even artists in general) whose lives and art are outside or against their society. For example, the poet and publisher [[Pierre Seghers]] published an anthology ''[[Poètes maudits d'aujourd'hui: 1946–1970]]'' ("The accursed poets of today: 1946–1970") in [[Paris]] in 1972, collecting authors such as [[Antonin Artaud]], [[Jean-Pierre Duprey]] and 10 others, some of whom (like Artaud) became very famous posthumously.

The term is also used outside France. Examples include American poet [[Delmore Schwartz]], whom [[Mark Ford (poet)|Mark Ford]] called "America's most genuine claimant to the title", Canadian poet [[Paul Potts (writer)|Paul Potts]], Czech poet [[Karel Hynek Mácha]], the Polish poet [[Rafał Wojaczek]] and the Italian poet [[Salvatore Toma]]; Wojaczek and Toma committed suicide at an early age. Another notable example of poète maudit is [[Dino Campana]], an Italian author famous for his only poetry collection, the ''Canti Orfici'', who died in a psychiatric hospital at the age of forty-six.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.illibraio.it/news/dautore/dino-campana-1274543/ |title=Dino Campana |website=www.illibraio.it |access-date=2023-05-30}}</ref>

== ''Les Poètes maudits'' ==
'''''Les Poètes maudits''''' is a work by [[Paul Verlaine]] that was published in 1884. The work is a homage to [[Tristan Corbière]], [[Arthur Rimbaud]], [[Stéphane Mallarmé]], [[Marceline Desbordes-Valmore]], [[Auguste Villiers de l'Isle-Adam|Villiers de l'Isle-Adam]] and Pauvre Lélian (Paul Verlaine himself, the name being an [[anagram]]).

==Gallery==
<gallery class="center" widths="250px" heights="267px">
File:Charles Baudelaire 1855 Nadar.jpg|Portrait of [[Charles Baudelaire]] by [[Nadar (photographer)|Nadar]] (1855)
File:Frédéric Bazille - Paul Verlaine.jpg|[[Paul Verlaine]] by [[Frédéric Bazille]] (1867)
File:Lautreamont1.jpg|[[Comte de Lautréamont]] by Jacques Lefrère<br>(before 1870)
File:Carjat Arthur Rimbaud 1872 n2.jpg|[[Arthur Rimbaud]] at the age of seventeen by [[Étienne Carjat]] (c.1872)
</gallery>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://www.poetes.com/textes/ver_poemau.pdf Verlaine's work in French (pdf)]
* [http://www.potomitan.info/kauss/maudits.php Poètes maudits des littératures]

{{Poète maudit}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Poete Maudit}}
[[Category:French poetry]]
[[Category:Poètes maudits| ]]
[[Category:Poetry by Paul Verlaine]]

Poète maudit - Revision history

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