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wikipedia>Asterix12: Made borders thicker
2026-07-24T21:06:56Z
<p>Made borders thicker</p>
<p><b>New page</b></p><div>{{#invoke:Sidebar|collapsible<br />
|name = Liberalism sidebar<br />
|style = width:22.0em; border:4px solid #ffeb00; color: var( --color-base, inherit );<br />
|pretitle = Part of [[:Category:Liberalism|a series]] on<br />
|title = [[Liberalism]]<br />
|image = [[File:Yellow flag waving.svg|75px|class=notpageimage|alt=icon]]<br />
|imagestyle = padding-top:0.6em<br />
|listtitlestyle = background:transparent; border-top:2px solid #ffeb00; text-align:center<br />
|centered list titles = yes<br />
|listclass = hlist<br />
|expanded = {{{expanded|{{{1|}}}}}}<br />
|list1name = schools<br />
|list1title = Schools<br />
|list1 = <!-- Alphabetical --><br />
<section begin=Variants /><br />
* [[Classical liberalism|Classical]]<br />
* [[Conservative liberalism|Conservative]]<br />
* [[Constitutional liberalism|Constitutional]]<br />
* [[Cultural liberalism|Cultural]]<br />
* [[Economic liberalism|Economic]]<br />
** [[Liberal corporatism|Corporatist]]<br />
** [[Market liberalism|Market]]<br />
** [[Neoliberalism|Neo]]<br />
* [[New liberalism (ideology)|New]]<br />
* [[Green liberalism|Green]]<br />
* [[Manchester Liberalism|Manchester]]<br />
* [[Muscular liberalism|Muscular]]<br />
* [[National liberalism|National]]<br />
* [[Neoclassical liberalism|Neoclassical]]<br />
* [[Ordoliberalism|Ordo]]<br />
* [[Classical radicalism|Radical]]<!-- Radical liberalism --><br />
* [[Religious liberalism|Religious]]<br />
**[[Liberal Christianity|Christian]]<br />
**[[Liberalism and progressivism within Islam|Islamic]]<br />
**[[Reform Judaism|Jewish]]<br />
* [[Secular liberalism|Secular]]<br />
* [[Social liberalism|Social]]<br />
* [[Technoliberalism|Techno]]<br />
* [[Ultraliberalism|Ultra]]<br />
<section end=Schools /><br />
|list2name = history<br />
|list2title = [[History of liberalism|History]]<br />
|list2 =<br />
* [[Glorious Revolution]]<br />
* [[Age of Enlightenment]]<br />
* [[Atlantic Revolutions]]<br />
* [[American Revolution]]<br />
* [[French Revolution]]<br />
* [[Revolutions of 1848]]<br />
* ''[[Vormärz]]''<br />
* [[Prague Spring]]<br />
* [[Revolutions of 1989]]<br />
* [[Arab Spring]]<br />
|list3name = principles<br />
|list3title = Principles<br />
|list3 = <!-- Alphabetical --><br />
<section begin=Concepts /><br />
* [[Consent of the governed]]<br />
* [[Due process]]<br />
* [[Economic globalization|Economic globali{{#ifeq:{{{sp}}}|uk|s|z}}ation]]<br />
* [[Social equality|Equality]]<br />
** [[Gender equality|Gender]]<br />
** [[Equality before the law|Legal]]<br />
* [[Federalism]]<br />
* [[Political freedom|Freedom]]<br />
** [[Economic freedom|Economic]]<br />
*** [[Free market|Market]]<br />
*** [[Free trade|Trade]]<br />
** [[Freedom of the press|Press]]<br />
** [[Freedom of religion|Religion]]<br />
** [[Freedom of speech|Speech]]<br />
* [[Harm principle]]<br />
* [[Internationalism (politics)|Internationalism]]<br />
* [[Invisible hand]]<br />
* [[Labor theory of property]]<br />
* ''[[Laissez-faire]]''<br />
* [[Liberal democracy]]<br />
* [[Liberty]]<br />
** [[Negative liberty|Negative]]<br />
** [[Positive liberty|Positive]]<br />
* [[Limited government]]<br />
* [[Market economy]]<br />
* [[Natural monopoly]]<br />
* [[Open society]]<br />
* [[Permissive society]]<br />
* [[Popular sovereignty]]<br />
* [[Property]]<br />
** [[Private property|Private]]<br />
** [[Public property|Public]]<br />
* [[Rights]]<br />
** [[Civil and political rights|Civil and political]]<br />
** [[Minority rights|Minority]]<br />
** [[Natural rights and legal rights|Natural and legal]]<br />
** [[Right to property|Property]]<br />
** [[Right to keep and bear arms|To bear arms]]<br />
* [[Rule of law]]<br />
* [[Secularism]]<br />
* [[Separation of church and state]]<br />
* [[Separation of powers]]<br />
* [[Social contract]]<br />
* [[Social justice]]<br />
** [[Social services]]<br />
** [[Welfare state]]<br />
* [[Whig history]]<br />
<section end=Concepts /><br />
|list4name = intellectuals<br />
|list4title = [[List of liberal theorists|Intellectuals]]<br />
|list4 = <!-- Chronologically by date of birth --><br />
<section begin=Intellectuals/><br />
* [[John Milton|Milton]]<!-- 1608 --><br />
* [[John Locke|Locke]]<!-- August 1632 --><br />
* [[Baruch Spinoza|Spinoza]]<!-- November 1632 --><br />
* [[Montesquieu]]<!-- 1689 --><br />
* [[Voltaire]]<!-- 1694 --><br />
* [[Jean-Jacques Rousseau|Rousseau]]<!-- 1712 --><br />
* [[Adam Smith|Smith]]<!-- 1723 --><br />
* [[Immanuel Kant|Kant]]<!-- 1724 --><br />
* [[Anne Robert Jacques Turgot|Turgot]]<!-- 1727 --><br />
* [[Edmund Burke|Burke]]<!-- 1729 --><br />
* [[Joseph Priestley|Priestley]]<!-- 1733 --><br />
* [[Thomas Paine|Paine]]<!-- February 1737 --><br />
* [[Cesare Beccaria|Beccaria]]<!-- March 1737 --><br />
* [[Marquis de Condorcet|Condorcet]]<!-- 1743 --><br />
* [[Jeremy Bentham|Bentham]]<!-- February 1748 --><br />
* [[Adamantios Korais|Korais]]<!-- April 1748 --><br />
* [[Olympe De Gouges|De Gouges]]<!-- May 1748 --><br />
* [[Mary Wollstonecraft|Wollstonecraft]]<!-- 1759 --><br />
* [[Germaine de Staël|Staël]]<!-- 1766 --><br />
* [[Jean-Baptiste Say|Say]]<!-- January 1767 --><br />
* [[Wilhelm von Humboldt|Humboldt]]<!-- June 1767 --><br />
* [[Benjamin Constant|Constant]]<!-- October 1767 --><br />
* [[David Ricardo|Ricardo]]<!-- 1772 --><br />
* [[François Guizot|Guizot]]<!-- 1787 --><br />
* [[Félicité de La Mennais|Lamennais]]<!-- 1782 --><br />
* [[Friedrich List|List]]<!-- 1789 --><br />
* [[Frédéric Bastiat|Bastiat]]<!-- 1801 --><br />
* [[Harriet Martineau|Martineau]]<!-- 1802 --><br />
* [[Ralph Waldo Emerson|Emerson]]<!-- 1803 --><br />
* [[Alexis de Tocqueville|Tocqueville]]<!-- 1805 --><br />
* [[John Stuart Mill|Mill]]<!-- 1806 --><br />
* [[Herbert Spencer|Spencer]]<!-- 1820 --><br />
* [[Matthew Arnold|Arnold]]<!-- 1822 --><br />
* [[John Dalberg-Acton, 1st Baron Acton|Acton]]<!-- 1834 --><br />
* [[Max Weber|Weber]]<!-- April 1864 --><br />
* [[Leonard Hobhouse|Hobhouse]]<!-- September 1864 --><br />
* [[Benedetto Croce|Croce]]<!-- 1866 --><br />
* [[Ernst Cassirer|Cassirer]]<!-- 1874 --><br />
* [[Ludwig von Mises|Mises]]<!-- 1881 --><br />
* [[José Ortega y Gasset|Ortega]]<!-- May 1883 --><br />
* [[John Maynard Keynes|Keynes]]<!-- June 1883 --><br />
* [[R. G. Collingwood|Collingwood]]<!-- 1889 --><br />
* [[Karel Čapek|Čapek]]<!-- 1890 --><br />
* [[Hu Shih|Hu]]<!-- 1891 --><br />
* [[Friedrich Hayek|Hayek]]<!-- 1899 --><br />
* [[Karl Popper|Popper]]<!-- 1902 --><br />
* [[Raymond Aron|Aron]]<!-- 1905 --><br />
* [[Isaiah Berlin|Berlin]]<!-- 1909 --><br />
* [[Milton Friedman|Friedman]]<!-- 1912 --><br />
* [[John Rawls|Rawls]]<!-- 1921 --><br />
* [[Amartya Sen|Sen]]<!-- 1933 --><br />
* [[Robert Nozick|Nozick]]<!-- 1938 --><br />
* [[Will Kymlicka|Kymlicka]]<!-- 1962 --><br />
* [[Raif Badawi|Badawi]]<!-- 1984 --><br />
* [[Ezra Klein|Klein]]<!-- 1984 --><br />
<section end=Intellectuals/><br />
|list5name = literature<br />
|list5title = Literature<br />
|list5 = <!-- Chronologically by date of publication --><br />
<section begin=Literature/><br />
{{nowrap|''[[Tractatus Theologico-Politicus]]'' (1670)}}<br />
{{nowrap|''[[Two Treatises of Government]]'' (1690)}}<br />
{{nowrap|''[[The Spirit of Law]]'' (1748)}}<br />
{{nowrap|''[[The Social Contract]]'' (1762)}}<br />
{{nowrap|''[[The Wealth of Nations]]'' (1776)}}<br />
{{nowrap|''[[Rights of Man]]'' (1791)}}<br />
{{nowrap|''[[A Vindication of the Rights of Woman]]'' (1792)}}<br />
{{nowrap|''[[Democracy in America]]'' (1835)}}<br />
{{nowrap|''[[On Liberty]]'' (1859)}}<br />
{{nowrap|''[[The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism|The Protestant Ethic]]'' (1905)}}<br />
{{nowrap|''[[The Revolt of the Masses]]'' (1929)}}<br />
{{nowrap|''[[The General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money|The General Theory]]'' (1936)}}<br />
{{nowrap|''[[The Road to Serfdom]]'' (1944)}}<br />
{{nowrap|''[[Human Action]]'' (1949)}}<br />
{{nowrap|''[[Capitalism and Freedom]]'' (1962)}}<br />
{{nowrap|''[[A Theory of Justice]]'' (1971)}}<br />
{{nowrap|''[[Anarchy, State, and Utopia]]'' (1974)}}<br />
<section end=Literature/><br />
|list6name = politicians<br />
|list6title = Politicians<br />
|list6 = <!-- Chronologically by date of birth --><br />
<section begin=Politicians /><br />
* [[Thomas Jefferson|Jefferson]]<!-- 13 April 1743 --><br />
* [[Hugo Kołłątaj|Kołłątaj]]<!-- 1 April 1750 --><br />
* [[James Madison|Madison]]<!-- 16 March 1751 --><br />
* [[José Gervasio Artigas|Artigas]]<!-- 19 June 1764 --><br />
* [[Simón Bolívar|Bolívar]]<!-- 1783 --><br />
* [[Victor de Broglie (1785–1870)|Broglie]]<!-- 28 November 1785 --><br />
* [[Alphonse de Lamartine|Lamartine]]<!-- 21 October 1790 --><br />
* [[Thomas Babington Macaulay|Macaulay]]<!-- 25 October 1800 --><br />
* [[Lajos Kossuth|Kossuth]]<!-- 19 September 1802 --><br />
* [[Ferenc Deák (politician)|Deák]]<!-- 17 October 1803 --><br />
* [[István Széchenyi|Széchenyi]]<!-- 21 September 1791 --><br />
* [[Richard Cobden|Cobden]]<!-- 3 June 1804 --><br />
* [[Giuseppe Mazzini|Mazzini]]<!-- 22 June 1805 --><br />
* [[Benito Juárez|Juárez]]<!-- 21 March 1806 --><br />
* [[Abraham Lincoln|Lincoln]]<!-- 12 February 1809 --><br />
* [[William Ewart Gladstone|Gladstone]]<!-- 29 December 1809 --><br />
* [[Camillo Benso, Count of Cavour|Cavour]]<!-- 10 August 1810 --><br />
* [[Domingo Faustino Sarmiento|Sarmiento]]<!-- 15 February 1811 --><br />
* [[Theodor Mommsen|Mommsen]]<!-- 30 November 1817 --><br />
* [[Dadabhai Naoroji|Naoroji]]<!-- 4 September 1825 --><br />
* [[Itagaki Taisuke|Itagaki]]<!-- 21 May 1837 --><br />
* [[Vasil Levski|Levski]]<!-- 18 July 1837 --><br />
* [[Namık Kemal|Kemal]]<!-- 21 December 1840 --><br />
* [[Alfred Deakin|Deakin]]<!-- 3 August 1856 --><br />
* [[Pavel Milyukov|Milyukov]]<!-- 27 January 1859 --><br />
* [[David Lloyd George|Lloyd George]]<!-- 17 January 1863 --><br />
* [[Ion I. C. Brătianu|Brătianu]]<!-- 20 August 1864 --><br />
* [[Eleftherios Venizelos|Venizelos]]<!-- 23 August 1864 --><br />
* [[Kaarlo Juho Ståhlberg|Ståhlberg]]<!-- 28 January 1865 --><br />
* [[Gopal Krishna Gokhale|Gokhale]]<!-- 9 May 1866 --><br />
* [[Walther Rathenau|Rathenau]]<!-- 29 September 1867 --><br />
* [[Francisco I. Madero|Madero]]<!-- 30 October 1873 --><br />
* [[Luigi Einaudi|Einaudi]]<!-- 24 March 1874 --><br />
* [[William Lyon Mackenzie King|King]]<!-- 17 December 1874 --><br />
* [[Franklin D. Roosevelt|Roosevelt]]<!-- 30 January 1882 --><br />
* [[Lester B. Pearson|Pearson]]<!-- 23 April 1897 --><br />
* [[Bertil Ohlin|Ohlin]]<!-- 23 April 1899 --><br />
* [[John F. Kennedy|Kennedy]]<!-- 29 May 1917 --><br />
* [[Pierre Trudeau|Trudeau]]<!-- 18 Oct 1919 --><br />
* [[Roy Jenkins|Jenkins]]<!-- 11 November 1920 --><br />
* [[Leszek Balcerowicz|Balcerowicz]]<!-- 19 January 1947 --><br />
* [[Guy Verhofstadt|Verhofstadt]]<!-- 11 April 1953 --><br />
* [[Barack Obama|Obama]]<!--4 August 1961 --><br />
* [[Emmanuel Macron|Macron]]<!-- 21 December 1977 --><br />
* [[Volodymyr Zelenskyy|Zelenskyy]]<!-- 25 January 1978 --><br />
<section end=Politicians /><br />
|list7name = orgs<br />
|list7title = Organi{{#ifeq:{{{sp}}}|uk|s|z}}ations<br />
|list7 = {{excerpt|Template:Liberalism|Organisations|hat=no}}<br />
|list8name = regional variants<br />
|list8title = [[Liberal parties by country|By country]]<br />
|list8 =<br />
{{bold div|Africa}}<br />
* [[Liberalism in Egypt|Egypt]]<br />
* [[Liberalism in Nigeria|Nigeria]]<br />
* [[Liberalism in Senegal|Senegal]]<br />
* [[Liberalism in South Africa|South Africa]]<br />
* [[Liberalism in Tunisia|Tunisia]]<br />
* [[Liberalism in Zimbabwe|Zimbabwe]]<br />
{{bold div|Asia}}<br />
* [[Liberalism in Armenia|Armenia]]<br />
* [[Liberalism in Bangladesh|Bangladesh]]<br />
* [[Liberalism in China|China]]<br />
** [[Liberalism in Hong Kong|Hong Kong]]<br />
* [[Liberalism in Cyprus|Cyprus]]<br />
* [[Liberalism in Georgia|Georgia]]<br />
* [[Liberalism in India|India]]<br />
* [[Liberalism in Iran|Iran]]<br />
* [[Liberalism in Israel|Israel]]<br />
* [[Liberalism in Japan|Japan]]<br />
* [[Liberalism in the Philippines|Philippines]]<br />
* [[Liberalism in South Korea|South Korea]]<br />
* [[Progressivism in Taiwan|Taiwan]]<br />
* [[Liberalism in Thailand|Thailand]]<br />
* [[Liberalism in Turkey|Turkey]]<br />
{{bold div|[[Liberalism in Europe|Europe]]}}<br />
* [[Liberalism in Albania|Albania]]<br />
* [[Liberalism in Austria|Austria]]<br />
* [[Liberalism in Belgium|Belgium]]<br />
* [[Liberalism and radicalism in Bulgaria|Bulgaria]]<br />
* [[Liberalism in Croatia|Croatia]]<br />
* [[Liberalism in the Czech Republic|Czech Republic]]<br />
* [[Liberalism and radicalism in Denmark|Denmark]]<br />
* [[Liberalism and centrism in Estonia|Estonia]]<br />
* [[Liberalism and centrism in Finland|Finland]]<br />
* [[Liberalism and radicalism in France|France]]<br />
* [[Liberalism in Germany|Germany]]<br />
* [[Liberalism in Greece|Greece]]<br />
* [[Liberalism and radicalism in Hungary|Hungary]]<br />
* [[Liberalism and radicalism in Italy|Italy]]<br />
* [[Liberalism in Latvia|Latvia]]<br />
* [[Liberalism in Lithuania|Lithuania]]<br />
* [[Liberalism in Luxembourg|Luxembourg]]<br />
* [[Liberalism in Moldova|Moldova]]<br />
* [[Liberalism in Montenegro|Montenegro]]<br />
* [[Liberalism in the Netherlands|Netherlands]]<br />
* [[Liberalism in North Macedonia|North Macedonia]]<br />
* [[Liberalism in Norway|Norway]]<br />
* [[Liberalism in Poland|Poland]]<br />
* [[Liberalism in Portugal|Portugal]]<br />
* [[Liberalism and radicalism in Romania|Romania]]<br />
* [[Liberalism in Russia|Russia]]<br />
* [[Liberalism in Serbia|Serbia]]<br />
* [[Liberalism in Slovakia|Slovakia]]<br />
* [[Liberalism in Slovenia|Slovenia]]<br />
* [[Liberalism and radicalism in Spain|Spain]]<br />
* [[Liberalism and centrism in Sweden|Sweden]]<br />
* [[Liberalism and radicalism in Switzerland|Switzerland]]<br />
* [[Liberalism in Ukraine|Ukraine]]<br />
* [[Liberalism in the United Kingdom|United Kingdom]] <br />
{{bold div|[[Liberalism and conservatism in Latin America|Latin America]]}}<br />
* [[Liberalism in Bolivia|Bolivia]]<br />
* [[Liberalism in Brazil|Brazil]]<br />
* [[Liberalism and radicalism in Chile|Chile]]<br />
* [[Liberalism in Colombia|Colombia]]<br />
* [[Liberalism in Costa Rica|Costa Rica]]<br />
* [[Liberalism in Cuba|Cuba]]<br />
* [[Liberalism and radicalism in Ecuador|Ecuador]]<br />
* [[Liberalism in Honduras|Honduras]]<br />
* [[Liberalism in Mexico|Mexico]]<br />
* [[Liberalism in Nicaragua|Nicaragua]]<br />
* [[Liberalism in Panama|Panama]]<br />
* [[Liberalism and radicalism in Paraguay|Paraguay]]<br />
* [[Liberalism in Peru|Peru]]<br />
* [[Liberal Party (Venezuela)|Venezuela]]<br />
{{bold div|North America}}<br />
* [[Liberalism in Canada|Canada]]<br />
* [[Liberalism in the United States|United States]]<br />
{{bold div|Oceania}}<br />
* [[Liberalism in Australia|Australia]]<br />
* [[Historic liberalism in New Zealand|New Zealand]]<br />
<br />
|list9name = related<br />
|list9title = Related topics<br />
|list9 =<br />
<section begin=Related topics /><br />
* [[Anarchism]]<br />
* [[Anti-authoritarianism]]<br />
* [[Anti-clericalism]]<br />
* [[Anti-communism]]<br />
* [[Anti-fascism]]<br />
* [[Anti-socialism]]<br />
* [[Capitalism]]<br />
* [[Centrism]]<br />
* [[Economic freedom]]<br />
* [[Humanism]]<br />
* [[Individualism]]<br />
* [[Illiberal democracy]]<br />
* [[Liberal autocracy]]<br />
* [[Liberal conservatism]]<br />
* [[Liberal feminism]]<br />
* [[Liberal internationalism]]<br />
* [[Liberal socialism]]<br />
** [[Liberal Marxism]]<br />
* [[Liberalism and nationalism]]<br />
* [[Libertarianism]]<br />
** [[Left-libertarianism|Left]]<br />
** [[Right-libertarianism|Right]]<br />
<section end=Related topics /><br />
|belowclass = plainlist<br />
|belowstyle = padding-bottom:0.22em; border-top:2px solid #ffeb00; border-bottom:2px solid #ffeb00; font-weight:bold<br />
|below =<br />
* {{portal-inline|Liberalism|size=tiny}}<br />
* {{portal-inline|Politics|size=tiny}}<br />
}}<noinclude><br />
{{documentation}}<br />
</noinclude></div>
wikipedia>Asterix12