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{{Short description|French poet (1845–1875)}}
{{Expand French|topic=bio|Tristan Corbière|date=September 2013}}
{{Infobox writer
| name = Tristan Corbière
| image = Tristan Corbiere portrait.jpg
| image_size = 150px
| alt =
| caption = Portrait of Tristan Corbière, ca. 1865
| pen_name =
| birth_name = Édouard-Joachim Corbière
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1845|7|18|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Morlaix]], [[Brittany]], France
| death_date = {{Death date and age|1875|3|1|1845|7|18|df=y}}
| death_place = Morlaix, Brittany, France
| occupation = Poet
| citizenship =
| education =
| period =
| genre = Poetry
| subject =
| movement = Symbolism
| notable_works = ''[[Les Amours jaunes]]''
| spouse =
| partner =
| children =
| relatives =
| awards =
| signature =
| website =
}}

'''Tristan Corbière''' (18 July 1845 – 1 March 1875), born '''Édouard-Joachim Corbière''', was a [[French poet]] born in Coat-Congar, [[Ploujean]] (now part of [[Morlaix]]) in [[Brittany]], where he lived most of his life before dying of [[tuberculosis]] at the age of 29. He was a French poet, close to [[Symbolism (movement)|Symbolism]], and a figure of the "[[cursed poet]]".<ref>{{cite book |last1=Verlaine |first1=Paul |title=Les Poètes maudits, 1884: Tristan Corbière, Arthur Rimbaud, Stéphane Mallarmé |date=1884}}</ref>

He is the author of a single collection of poetry, ''Les Amours jaunes'', and of a few prose pieces. He led a mostly marginal and miserable life, nourished by two major failures due to his bone disease and his "ugliness" which he enjoyed accusing: the first is his sentimental life (he only loved one woman, called "Marcelle" in his work), and the second being his passion for the sea (he dreamt of becoming a sailor, like his father, [[Édouard Corbière]]). His poetry carries these two great wounds which led him to adopt a very cynical and incisive style, towards himself as much towards the life and world around him.

He died at the age of 29, possibly from tuberculosis, a childless bachelor with no work, entrenched in his old Breton manor, misunderstood by his contemporaries, and his innovative poetry was not recognised until well after his death.

==Family and schooling==
His mother, Marie-Angélique-Aspasie Puyo, was 19 years old at the time of his birth, and belonged to one of the most prominent families of the local bourgeoisie. His father was [[Édouard Corbière|Antoine-Édouard Corbière]], mariner and writer known for his best-selling novel ''Le Négrier''. A cousin, [[Constant Puyo]], was a well-known [[Pictorialism|Pictorialist]] photographer.

During his schooling at the Imperial [[Lycée]] of [[Saint-Brieuc]] where he studied from 1858 until 1860, he fell prey to a deep depression, and, over several freezing winters, contracted the severe [[rheumatism]] which was to disfigure him. He blamed his parents for having placed him there, far from his family's care and affection. Difficulties in adapting to the harsh discipline of the college's ''noble débris''<ref>Renzo Paris (ed) ''Corbière:Gli Amori gialli'', Milan 2004 p.vii</ref> (distinguished relics, i.e., teachers) gradually developed those characteristics of anarchic disdain and sarcasm which were to give much of his verse their distinctive voice.

==Poetry==
Corbière first used the pseudonym ''Tristan'' as early as 1865, and at latest in 1867, when he signed a poem, ''La Balancelle'', as Édouard Tristan Corbière. The allusion is perhaps to the [[Tristan and Iseult|Tristan]] of legend. If so, Corbière's life and work would gain a [[bathos]] lent to it by reference to a hero of tragedy.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Aragon |first=Elisabeth |title=Les Amours jaunes: texte etabli et commenté par Elisabeth Aragon and Claude Bonnin |publisher=Presses universitaires de Mirail |year=1992}}</ref>

Corbière's only published verse in his lifetime appeared in ''Les amours jaunes'', 1873, a volume that went almost unnoticed until [[Paul Verlaine]] included him in his gallery of ''[[Poète maudit|poètes maudits]]'' (accursed poets). Thereafter Verlaine's recommendation was enough to establish him as one of the masters acknowledged by the [[Symbolism (movement)|Symbolists]], and he was subsequently rediscovered and treated as a predecessor by the [[surrealists]].<ref>Wallace Fowlie, ''Poem and Symbol'' (2010) p. 94</ref>

Close-packed, linked to the ocean and his Breton roots, and tinged with disdain for Romantic sentimentalism,<ref>Geoffrey Brereton, ''A Short History of French Literature'' (1954) p. 299</ref> his work is also characterised by its idiomatic play and exceptional modernity. He was praised by both [[Ezra Pound]] and [[T. S. Eliot]] (whose work he had a great influence on).<ref>{{cite book|last=Warner|first=Val|title=Centenary Corbière|year=2003|publisher=Routledge|location=New York|isbn=0-415-96939-5}}</ref>

Eliot used his self-description as "Mélange adultère de tout" as the title for one of his own (French) poems.<ref>Wallace Fowlie, ''Poem and Symbol'' (2010) p. 96</ref> Many subsequent modernist poets have also studied him,<ref>S. Cushman et al eds., ''The Princeton Encyclopedia of Poetry and Poetics'' (2012) p. 891</ref> and he has often been translated into English.<ref>[[Val Warner]] intro, ''Centenary Corbière'' (2003)</ref>

His complete poems appear in two volumes with translations by the English poet [[Christopher Pilling]].<ref>''These jaundiced loves A translation of Tristan Corbière's Les Amours Jaunes'' by Christopher Pilling. (Calstock Cornwall: Peterloo Poets, 1995) </ref><ref>''Oysters, Nightingales and Cooking-Pots: Selected Poetry and Prose of Tristan Corbière'', trans. by Christopher Pilling, ed. by Richard Hibbitt and Katherine Lunn-Rockliffe (York: White Rose University Press, 2018). Open access publication; free on https://universitypress.whiterose.ac.uk/site/books/10.22599/Corbiere/</ref>

A very precise commented version of [[Les Amours jaunes]] was published in 1993 by Elisabeth Aragon and Claude Bonnin for the Presses universitaires de l'université de Toulouse-Le Mirail. It is now on open and free access: https://new-pum.univ-tlse2.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/Les_amours_jaunes.pdf

==See also==
*[[Charles Baudelaire]]
*[[Orientalism]]

==References==
{{Reflist|2|}}

==External links==
{{Commons category}}
{{Wikiquote}}
*{{Gutenberg author | id=6993}}
*{{Internet Archive author |sname=Tristan Corbière}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Corbiere, Tristan}}
[[Category:1845 births]]
[[Category:1875 deaths]]
[[Category:19th-century French poets]]
[[Category:19th-century deaths from tuberculosis]]
[[Category:Writers from Brittany]]
[[Category:Tuberculosis deaths in France]]
[[Category:19th-century French male poets]]
[[Category:People from Morlaix]]
[[Category:Poètes maudits]]

Content in this edit is translated from the existing French Wikipedia article at [[:fr:Tristan Corbière]]; see its history for attribution.

Tristan Corbière - Revision history

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