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{{Short description|Japanese writer (1909–1997)}}
{{Infobox writer
|name = Yutaka Haniya
|native_name = 埴谷雄高
|image = Haniya Yutaka02.jpg
|image_size = 150px
|caption = Haniya in 1963
|birth_name =
|birth_date = December 19, 1909
|birth_place = [[Hsinchu|Shinchiku City]], [[Taiwan]], [[Empire of Japan]]
|death_date = {{death date and age|1997|2|19|1909|12|19}}
|death_place = [[Kichijōji]], [[Musashino, Tokyo|Musashino City]], [[Tokyo prefecture]], [[Japan]]
|residence =
|language = [[Japanese languages|Japanese]]
|occupation = Writer and critic
|genre = Fiction, criticism
|notable_works = ''Departed Souls'' (1933-1997)<br />''Black Horses in the Darkness and Other Stories'' (1970
|years_active = 1931-1997
|net_worth =
|boards =
|religion =
|spouse =
|children =
|parents =
|signature =
|website =
}}

{{nihongo|'''Yutaka Haniya'''|埴谷雄高|Haniya Yutaka|extra=December 19, 1909 – February 19, 1997}} was a Japanese writer and critic.<ref name=Kapur7>{{Cite book|last=Kapur|first=Nick|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Re5hDwAAQBAJ|title=Japan at the Crossroads: Conflict and Compromise after Anpo|publisher=Harvard University Press|year=2018|location=Cambridge, Massachusetts|ISBN=978-0674984424|pages=7}}</ref>

==Biography==
Haniya was born in [[Taiwan]], then a Japanese colony, to a [[samurai]] family named Hannya after the ''Hannya Shingyo'' ([[Heart Sutra]]).{{citation needed|date=August 2021}} He had a sickly childhood and suffered from [[tuberculosis]] in his teens.{{citation needed|date=August 2021}} Although originally interested in [[anarchism]], in 1931 he joined the [[Japanese Communist Party]], becoming its Agriculture Director the following year, whereupon he was promptly arrested and imprisoned.<ref>{{cite journal|title=Beckett and Haniya Yutaka: Two Versions of the Ontological Enquiry|journal=Journal of Irish Studies|volume=17|pages=109–115|first=Yoshiki|last=Tajiri|jstor=20533486|date=2002}}</ref> While in the prison's hospital, he devoted himself to studying [[Immanuel Kant]]'s ''[[Critique of Pure Reason]]''.{{citation needed|date=August 2021}}

In 1933, Haniya underwent a coerced "ideological conversion" (''[[tenkо̄]]''), after which he was allowed to leave prison and return to society.<ref name=Tsurumi64>{{cite book|last=Tsurumi|first=Shunsuke|title=An Intellectual History of Wartime Japan, 1931-1945|publisher=Routledge|year=2010|pages=64|ISBN=9780415588683}}</ref> During the war years, he eked out a meager living as the editor of a small magazine on economics and a freelance translator.<ref name=Tsurumi64/>

During the war years, Haniya began a lengthy novel called ''Departed Souls'' (死靈, ''Shirei''), which he considered his life's work.<ref name=Tsurumi64/> A [[pastiche]] of [[Fyodor Dostoyevsky]]'s novels ''[[The Brothers Karamazov]]'' and ''[[Demons (Dostoevsky novel)|Demons]]'',<ref>{{cite book |last=Sakaki |first=Atsuko |editor1-last=Copeland |editor1-first=Rebecca L. |editor2-last=Ramirez-Christensen |editor2-first=Esperanza |title=The Father-Daughter Plot: Japanese Literary Women and the Law of the Father |publisher=University of Hawaii Press |date=2001 |pages=299 |chapter=Kurahashi Yumiko’s Negotiations with the Fathers |ISBN=978-0824821722}}</ref> Haniya's novel was bitterly critical of the [[Japan Communist Party]] (JCP) and the [[Communist International]] under Soviet Premier [[Joseph Stalin]], which Haniya viewed as capricious and cruel.<ref name=Tsurumi65/> Because of its strong [[anti-communism]], ''Departed Souls'' was praised and upheld as an exemplar of successful ''tenkо̄'' conversion by the wartime police state.<ref name=Tsurumi65>{{cite book|last=Tsurumi|first=Shunsuke|title=An Intellectual History of Wartime Japan, 1931-1945|publisher=Routledge|year=2010|pages=65|ISBN=9780415588683}}</ref>

After [[World War II]], when the Japan Communist Party was legalized under the [[Occupation of Japan|U.S.-led Occupation of Japan]], many of Haniya's old comrades rejoined the party, but Haniya did not.<ref name=Tsurumi65/> He returned to leftist activism, but remained strongly critical of the JCP and [[Stalinism]].<ref name=Tsurumi65/> Shortly after the war, Haniya founded an influential literary magazine entitled ''Kindai Bungaku'' ("Modern Literature").<ref name=Tsurumi64/> In this role he discovered and published [[Kōbō Abe]], who subsequently joined Haniya's avant-garde group ''[[Yoru no Kai]]'' (Night Group).{{citation needed|date=August 2021}}

In 1960, Haniya participated in the massive [[Anpo protests]] against the [[U.S.-Japan Security Treaty]], but was bitterly disappointed at the failure of the protests to stop the treaty, and lamented that the movement did not evolve into a broader socialist revolution.<ref name=Kapur7/> Haniya angrily declared the protests to have been a "revolutionless revolution."<ref name=Kapur7/> During the course of the protests in 1960, many radical left-wing student activists became disillusioned with the Communist Party. Haniya's writings became popular among these students because of his strong stand against the JCP, which led Haniya, along with similarly anti-JCP writers and critics such as [[Takaaki Yoshimoto]], to become remembered as the intellectual forefathers of the anti-JCP "[[New Left]]" in Japan.<ref name=Tsurumi66>{{cite book|last=Tsurumi|first=Shunsuke|title=An Intellectual History of Wartime Japan, 1931-1945|publisher=Routledge|year=2010|pages=66|ISBN=9780415588683}}</ref>

Haniya was a prolific writer; after his death, [[Kodansha]] published his complete works in a set of 19 volumes. He won the 6th [[Tanizaki Prize]] in 1970 for his collection ''Black Horses in the Darkness and Other Stories''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.chuko.co.jp/aword/tanizaki/|language=japanese|title=谷崎潤一郎賞受賞作品一覧|publisher=[[Chuokoron-Shinsha]]|access-date=August 13, 2018}}</ref> When Haniya died in 1997, he was still working on his novel ''Departed Souls'', which by that time extended to over 9,000 pages in length.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Vines|first=Lois Davis|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QJX6apXojuYC|title=Poe Abroad: Influence, Reputation, Affinities|publisher=University of Iowa Press|year=2002|ISBN=978-0877456971|pages=143}}</ref>

== Selected works ==
* ''Departed Souls'', (''Shirei'', 死靈), 1933-1997 (first published beginning in 1946)
* ''Black Horses in the Darkness and Other Stories'', (''Yami no naka no kuroi uma'', 闇のなかの黒い馬), 1970

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{commons category-inline}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Haniya, Yutaka}}
[[Category:1909 births]]
[[Category:1997 deaths]]
[[Category:20th-century Japanese novelists]]
[[Category:20th-century Japanese male novelists]]
[[Category:Japanese male short story writers]]
[[Category:20th-century Japanese short story writers]]
[[Category:People from Hsinchu]]
[[Category:Japanese communists]]
[[Category:Anti-natalists]]
[[Category:Anti-Stalinist left]]

Yutaka Haniya - Revision history

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